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Onion cultivation new technology
Onions have strong adaptability, high yield, and good sales. In recent years, the export volume has increased year by year. The price has been rising and the cultivation area has been expanding. The development of onion production has become a new way for farmers to increase income. In order to allow farmers to produce high-quality onions in accordance with the production standards of green, pollution-free agricultural products, enhance market competitiveness and increase farmers' income, the onion cultivation techniques are introduced as follows. First, use improved varieties. According to the needs of customers, foreign businesses and markets, select high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant, good-market products, such as Hongye No. 3, Fulu No. 6, No. 3, and Dabao. Second, nurture strong seedlings. The suitable sowing time for onions is that the average daily temperature is around 20°C, and Shandong is generally from early September to early mid-early. Being too early and too late not only reduces the quality of onions, but also seriously affects the yield of onions. Therefore, proper sowing is the key to seizing the high quality and yield of onions. With a width of 1.7 meters and a length of 30 meters, 150-200 grams of seed can be used to plant 1/15 hectare (1 acre) field. 200 kg of organic fertilizer per pat, 2 kg of diammonium phosphate, for the prevention and control of underground pests, 35 ml of phoxim and 0.5 kg of wheat bran mixed with the soil fertilizer can be mixed evenly, and then thrown into the surface. Prepare for sowing. When sowing, the sorghum shall be irrigated first, and after the water is soaked, the onion shall be evenly spread into the sorghum surface and covered with sifted fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm. After the sowing is completed, the sorghum shall cover the sorghum and mulch, etc. With moisturizing and anti-deep rain, affect the emergence. 10 days to emerge, 1-2 days before emergence, select the evening to remove the cover. After Miao Qi, pour a small amount of water, and then as little as possible after the watering, the seedling stage can be top dressing 1-2 times. Timely manual weeding, watering should be stopped 15 days before planting to cultivate strong seedlings. Third, timely planting. Onion cultivation is suitable for the "frost" to "start winter." Round onion bogey. The former loquat should be selected from solanaceous or spring corn and spring peanuts. Mushi high-quality basic fertilizer more than 4,000 kilograms, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 20 cm of arable land, smashing leveling to do 畦, 畦 width can be determined according to the width of the film. After the leveling of the seedlings, 150 ml of weeds shall be applied per 1/15 hectare of sprayed field, covered with mulching film, and planted at a spacing of 16 cm16 cm or 17 cm17 cm. Before planting, the seedlings must be graded first. The first planting standard strong seedlings, after planting seedlings. The criteria for strong seedlings are: seedling age 50-60 days, seedling diameter 5-8 mm, plant height 20 cm, 3-4 true leaves, cutting seedling roots to 2 cm when planting, and placing seedlings at 40% Leopard EC soaked leaf sheath 600 times, can kill the aphid into the leaf sheath. The depth of colonization should be about 1 cm for buried bulbs and watering after planting. 1/15 hectares can be planted with 22,000-26,000 plants. Fourth, field management. After the planting, it must be checked in time. If the seedlings are washed by water, the soil shall be cultivated in time to prevent the lack of seedlings. Before the soil is frozen, the soil can be poured with frozen water. When returning green in the next year, it will be poured back to Qingshui in a timely manner. In conjunction with watering, 1/15 hectares of topdressing 15 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, or 25 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. 50-60 days after returning green onion into the phosphorus stem enlargement period, then the number of watering to increase, usually 6-8 days to once, keep the ground see dry see wet, combined with watering 1/15 hectare topdressing 15 kg of urea, Potassium sulfate 15 kg, or compound fertilizer 25 kg. The last time dressing can not be late, generally should be more than 30-40 days from the harvest, so as not to cause greed. Wait for 2/3 of the field to be harvested when lodging. Harvest should choose sunny, the whole onion after pulling out the whole plant in the field, with onion leaves to cover the onion, drying 2-3 days, and other onion head dry skin, stems and leaves fully dried, stacked, covered with grasshopper anti-Japanese Sun and rain, when harvesting, care should be taken not to hurt the onions and affect sales. Fifth, pest control. The major diseases of onions are downy mildew, purple spot, and rust. Downy mildew and purple spot disease were sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution and 64% antiviral agent 500 times after turning green, spraying once every 10 days, and even spraying 3 times. Rust was sprayed with 15% Triadimefon 1500-2000 times, sprayed once every 10 days, and sprayed twice. The last spraying time of the above pesticide should be harvested more than 10 days. The main pests of onions are mantle and green onion thrips. The mantle can be treated with 90% crystal dipterex 1000 times for root irrigation. Onion thrips were treated with imidacloprid 2000 times spray. 90% crystal trichlorfon was applied only once during the whole growing period of the onion, and the harvest time was 15 days or more. China Agricultural Network Editor